锦灰堆

打翻字纸篓

#read #braudel

15至18世纪物质文明、经济和资本主义 第二卷

第一章 交换的工具

  • “市场的普及相当缓慢”

欧洲：

  • 十二世纪起价格就在波动状态，是近代市场建立的证明
  • 集市基本在城市，乡村集市不值得重视
  • 初级集市：第一手交易，因而最透明，很少有赊账
  • 对集市的监视和压制
  • 可以商讨家庭或事务性契约，如土地买卖和订婚
  • 因市政管理问题，新市场会被挪到城门口、墙外、市郊、桥头等，但城墙又会外扩
  • “一有空地出现，集市就去占领”，比如冬天上冻的莫斯科河
  • 巴黎中央菜场，女商贩人数比男的多
  • “英国生活的现代化随着伦敦的扩张而开始”

#read #foucault

If I employ the word “liberal,” it is first of all because this governmental practice in the process of establishing itself is not satisfied with respecting this or that freedom, with guaranteeing this or that freedom. More profoundly, it is a consumer of freedom. It is a consumer of freedom inasmuch as it can only function insofar as a number of freedoms actually exist: freedom of the market, freedom to buy and sell, the free exercise of property rights, freedom of discussion, possible freedom of expression, and so on.

The Birth of Biopolitics — Three: 24 January 1979